These infestations are more prone to feed on terminals, squares, blooms, and bolls. Early-season insecticide applications may be warranted when plants with undamaged terminals approach lower optimal plant stand limits.ĭamaging infestations sometimes develop late in the season. Occasionally, they destroy the terminal, causing extensive lateral branch development and delayed maturity. 48), skeletonizing leaves rather than chewing large holes in them. In early-season infestations, the larvae feed on leaves and terminal areas (Fig.
After a few days, small beet armyworms disperse and become solitary in their feeding habits. 47), called hits, turn tan and are distinctive and easily seen when walking through fields)a quick way to determine if the field has a beet armyworm infestation. Young beet armyworms hatch, “web up,” and feed together on leaves. 45 and 46) and yellow-striped armyworm moths lay eggs on leaf surfaces in masses covered by a whitish, velvety material. IPM is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques, such as cultural practices, biological control, host plant resistance, chemical control, pheromone traps, habitat manipulation, modification of, use of resistant varieties and diversification of farming systems.Both beet armyworm (Figs. Infestations during the mid- to late-whorl stage of maize development caused yield losses of 15-73%. Fall armyworm larvae feed on young whorls, ears, and tassels causing substantial damage to maize crops. Larger fall armyworm larvae consume large amounts of leaf tissue resulting in a ragged appearance to the leaves similar to grasshopper damage. The armyworm's diet consists mainly of grasses and small-grain crops such as corn, but the species has been noted to consume over 80 different plants. The life cycle is completed in about 30 days during the summer, but 60 days in the spring and autumn, and 80 to 90 days during the winter.
However, on Maize, fall armyworm is a secondary pest after the European corn borer. Fall Armyworm is a migratory insect pest known to cause massive destruction of maize crops under warm and humid conditions.
The first reports of outbreaks of the Fall Armyworm in Africa come from several West and Central African countries and are rapidly spreading throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the continent. The Spodoptera genus has 31 species in the world of this species Spodoptera frugiperda is native to the Americas continent and 8 species are in African continent. The fall armyworm scientific name is Spodoptera frugiperda, which is a moth – a polyphagous pest that originates from the tropical regions of the United States, Argentina, and the Caribbean region. ABSTRACT The objective of this seminar is to review and understand the effects of fall army on maize and its management.
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